Javaweb - day12 - Filter&Listener&AJAX
AJAX
AJAX
- 概念:AJAX,异步的JavaScript和XML
AJAX作用
- 与服务器进行数据交换:通过AJAX可以给服务器发送请求,并获取服务器响应的数据。
- 使用了AJAX和服务器进行通信,就可以使用HTML+AJAX来替换JSP页面了。
- 异步交互:可以在不重新加载整个页面的情况下,与服务器交换数据并更新部分网页的技术,如:搜索联想、用户名是否可用校验,等等....
同步和异步
AJAX快速入门
实例(ajaxServlet)
@WebServlet("/ajaxServlet")
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 响应数据
response.getWriter().write("hello ajax~");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
实例2(01-ajax-demo1.html)(创建核心对象可以再网上直接复制)
<script>
//1. 创建核心对象
var xhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {
// code for IE6, IE5
xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
//2. 发送请求
xhttp.open("GET", "http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/ajaxServlet");
xhttp.send();
//3. 获取响应
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
alert(this.responseText);
}
};
</script>
案例(使用AJAX验证用户名是否存在)
实例(selectUserServlet)
@WebServlet("/selectUserServlet")
public class SelectUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 接收用户名
String username = request.getParameter("username");
//2. 调用service查询User对象
boolean flag = true;
//3. 响应标记
response.getWriter().write("" + flag);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
实例(register.html)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>欢迎注册</title>
<link href="css/register.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="form-div">
<div class="reg-content">
<h1>欢迎注册</h1>
<span>已有帐号?</span> <a href="login.html">登录</a>
</div>
<form id="reg-form" action="#" method="get">
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名</td>
<td class="inputs">
<input name="username" type="text" id="username">
<br>
<span id="username_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">用户名已存在</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码</td>
<td class="inputs">
<input name="password" type="password" id="password">
<br>
<span id="password_err" class="err_msg" style="display: none">密码格式有误</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>验证码</td>
<td class="inputs">
<input name="checkCode" type="text" id="checkCode">
<img src="imgs/a.jpg">
<a href="#" id="changeImg">看不清?</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="buttons">
<input value="注 册" type="submit" id="reg_btn">
</div>
<br class="clear">
</form>
</div>
<script>
//1. 给用户名输入框绑定 失去焦点事件
document.getElementById("username").onblur = function () {
//2. 发送ajax请求
// 获取用户名的值
var username = this.value;
//2.1. 创建核心对象
var xhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {
// code for IE6, IE5
xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
//2.2. 发送请求
xhttp.open("GET", "http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/selectUserServlet?username="+username);
xhttp.send();
//2.3. 获取响应
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
//alert(this.responseText);
//判断
if(this.responseText == "true"){
//用户名存在,显示提示信息
document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = '';
}else {
//用户名不存在 ,清楚提示信息
document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = 'none';
}
}
};
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Axios异步框架
- Axios 对原生的AJAX进行封装,简化书写。
Axios异步框架-快速入门
实例(02-axios-demo.html)
<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
//1. get
axios({
method:"get",
url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
//2. post
axios({
method:"post",
url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet",
data:"username=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
</script>
实例2(axiosServlet)
@WebServlet("/axiosServlet")
public class AxiosServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("get...");
//1. 接收请求参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
//2. 响应数据
response.getWriter().write("hello Axios~");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("post...");
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
Axios请求方式别名
实例
<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
//1. get
/axios({
method:"get",
url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
axios.get("http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan").then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
//2. post
axios({
method:"post",
url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet",
data:"username=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
axios.post("http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet","username=zhangsan").then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
var jsObject = {name:"zhangsan"};
axios({
method:"post",
url:"http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet",
data:jsObject
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
</script>
JSON
JSON基础语法
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//1. 定义JSON字符串
var jsonStr = '{"name":"zhangsan","age":23,"addr":["北京","上海","西安"]}';
//alert(jsonStr);
//2. 将JSON字符串转为JS对象
let jsObject = JSON.parse(jsonStr);
//alert(jsObject);
let name = jsObject.name;
//alert(name);
//3. JS对象转为JSON字符串
let jsonStr2 = JSON.stringify(jsObject);
alert(jsonStr2)
</script>
</body>
</html>
JSON数据和Java对象转换
- 请求数据:JSON字符串转为Java对象
- 响应数据:Java对象转为JSON字符串
Fastjson
实例(导坐标)
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.62</version>
</dependency>
实例(Java对象转换)(user类自己写)
package com.itheima.json;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
public class FastJsonDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1. 将Java对象转为JSON字符串
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setUsername("zhangsan");
user.setPassword("123");
String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);
System.out.println(jsonString);//{"id":1,"password":"123","username":"zhangsan"}
//2. 将JSON字符串转为Java对象
User u = JSON.parseObject("{\"id\":1,\"password\":\"123\",\"username\":\"zhangsan\"}", User.class);
System.out.println(u);
}
}
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