对射式红外传感器计次

02 - STM32 - OLED&EXTI外部中断

OLED调试

调试方式

• 串口调试：通过串口通信，将调试信息发送到电脑端，电脑使用串口助手显示调试信息；
• 显示屏调试：直接将显示屏连接到单片机，将调试信息打印在显示屏上；
• Keil调试模式：借助Keil软件的调试模式，可使用单步运行、设置断点、查看寄存器及变量等功能。

OLED简介

硬件电路

OLED驱动函数

接线图

代码

OLED.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "OLED_Font.h"

/*引脚配置*/
#define OLED_W_SCL(x)        GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_8, (BitAction)(x))
#define OLED_W_SDA(x)        GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_9, (BitAction)(x))

/*引脚初始化*/
void OLED_I2C_Init(void)
{
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
    
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
     GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_OD;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8;
     GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
     GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
    OLED_W_SCL(1);
    OLED_W_SDA(1);
}

/**
  * @brief  I2C开始
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_I2C_Start(void)
{
    OLED_W_SDA(1);
    OLED_W_SCL(1);
    OLED_W_SDA(0);
    OLED_W_SCL(0);
}

/**
  * @brief  I2C停止
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_I2C_Stop(void)
{
    OLED_W_SDA(0);
    OLED_W_SCL(1);
    OLED_W_SDA(1);
}

/**
  * @brief  I2C发送一个字节
  * @param  Byte 要发送的一个字节
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_I2C_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{
    uint8_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        OLED_W_SDA(Byte & (0x80 >> i));
        OLED_W_SCL(1);
        OLED_W_SCL(0);
    }
    OLED_W_SCL(1);    //额外的一个时钟，不处理应答信号
    OLED_W_SCL(0);
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED写命令
  * @param  Command 要写入的命令
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_WriteCommand(uint8_t Command)
{
    OLED_I2C_Start();
    OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78);        //从机地址
    OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x00);        //写命令
    OLED_I2C_SendByte(Command); 
    OLED_I2C_Stop();
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED写数据
  * @param  Data 要写入的数据
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_WriteData(uint8_t Data)
{
    OLED_I2C_Start();
    OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78);        //从机地址
    OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x40);        //写数据
    OLED_I2C_SendByte(Data);
    OLED_I2C_Stop();
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED设置光标位置
  * @param  Y 以左上角为原点，向下方向的坐标，范围：0~7
  * @param  X 以左上角为原点，向右方向的坐标，范围：0~127
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_SetCursor(uint8_t Y, uint8_t X)
{
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xB0 | Y);                    //设置Y位置
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x10 | ((X & 0xF0) >> 4));    //设置X位置高4位
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x00 | (X & 0x0F));            //设置X位置低4位
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED清屏
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_Clear(void)
{  
    uint8_t i, j;
    for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
    {
        OLED_SetCursor(j, 0);
        for(i = 0; i < 128; i++)
        {
            OLED_WriteData(0x00);
        }
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示一个字符
  * @param  Line 行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Char 要显示的一个字符，范围：ASCII可见字符
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char)
{          
    uint8_t i;
    OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2, (Column - 1) * 8);        //设置光标位置在上半部分
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i]);            //显示上半部分内容
    }
    OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2 + 1, (Column - 1) * 8);    //设置光标位置在下半部分
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
    {
        OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i + 8]);        //显示下半部分内容
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示字符串
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  String 要显示的字符串，范围：ASCII可见字符
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String)
{
    uint8_t i;
    for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i++)
    {
        OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, String[i]);
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED次方函数
  * @retval 返回值等于X的Y次方
  */
uint32_t OLED_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{
    uint32_t Result = 1;
    while (Y--)
    {
        Result *= X;
    }
    return Result;
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（十进制，正数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~4294967295
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~10
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
    uint8_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)                            
    {
        OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（十进制，带符号数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：-2147483648~2147483647
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~10
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
    uint8_t i;
    uint32_t Number1;
    if (Number >= 0)
    {
        OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '+');
        Number1 = Number;
    }
    else
    {
        OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '-');
        Number1 = -Number;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)                            
    {
        OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i + 1, Number1 / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（十六进制，正数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~0xFFFFFFFF
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~8
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
    uint8_t i, SingleNumber;
    for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)                            
    {
        SingleNumber = Number / OLED_Pow(16, Length - i - 1) % 16;
        if (SingleNumber < 10)
        {
            OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber + '0');
        }
        else
        {
            OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber - 10 + 'A');
        }
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED显示数字（二进制，正数）
  * @param  Line 起始行位置，范围：1~4
  * @param  Column 起始列位置，范围：1~16
  * @param  Number 要显示的数字，范围：0~1111 1111 1111 1111
  * @param  Length 要显示数字的长度，范围：1~16
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{
    uint8_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)                            
    {
        OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(2, Length - i - 1) % 2 + '0');
    }
}

/**
  * @brief  OLED初始化
  * @param  无
  * @retval 无
  */
void OLED_Init(void)
{
    uint32_t i, j;
    
    for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)            //上电延时
    {
        for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++);
    }
    
    OLED_I2C_Init();            //端口初始化
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xAE);    //关闭显示
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xD5);    //设置显示时钟分频比/振荡器频率
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x80);
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xA8);    //设置多路复用率
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x3F);
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xD3);    //设置显示偏移
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x00);
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x40);    //设置显示开始行
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xA1);    //设置左右方向，0xA1正常 0xA0左右反置
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xC8);    //设置上下方向，0xC8正常 0xC0上下反置

    OLED_WriteCommand(0xDA);    //设置COM引脚硬件配置
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x12);
    
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x81);    //设置对比度控制
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xCF);

    OLED_WriteCommand(0xD9);    //设置预充电周期
    OLED_WriteCommand(0xF1);

    OLED_WriteCommand(0xDB);    //设置VCOMH取消选择级别
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x30);

    OLED_WriteCommand(0xA4);    //设置整个显示打开/关闭

    OLED_WriteCommand(0xA6);    //设置正常/倒转显示

    OLED_WriteCommand(0x8D);    //设置充电泵
    OLED_WriteCommand(0x14);

    OLED_WriteCommand(0xAF);    //开启显示
        
    OLED_Clear();                //OLED清屏
}

OLED.h

#ifndef __OLED_H
#define __OLED_H

void OLED_Init(void);
void OLED_Clear(void);
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char);
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String);
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);

#endif

OLED字模库（OLED_FONT_H）

#ifndef __OLED_FONT_H
#define __OLED_FONT_H

/*OLED字模库，宽8像素，高16像素*/
const uint8_t OLED_F8x16[][16]=
{
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//  0
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//! 1
    
    0x00,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//" 2
    
    0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0x00,
    0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x00,//# 3
    
    0x00,0x70,0x88,0xFC,0x08,0x30,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x18,0x20,0xFF,0x21,0x1E,0x00,0x00,//$ 4
    
    0xF0,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x21,0x1C,0x03,0x1E,0x21,0x1E,0x00,//% 5
    
    0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x1E,0x21,0x23,0x24,0x19,0x27,0x21,0x10,//& 6
    
    0x10,0x16,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//' 7
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x04,0x02,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x40,0x00,//( 8
    
    0x00,0x02,0x04,0x18,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x40,0x20,0x18,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,//) 9
    
    0x40,0x40,0x80,0xF0,0x80,0x40,0x40,0x00,
    0x02,0x02,0x01,0x0F,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x00,//* 10
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x01,0x01,0x01,0x1F,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,//+ 11
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x80,0xB0,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//, 12
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,//- 13
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//. 14
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x18,0x04,
    0x00,0x60,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/// 15
    
    0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
    0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//0 16
    
    0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//1 17
    
    0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,
    0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//2 18
    
    0x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00,
    0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//3 19
    
    0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00,//4 20
    
    0x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,
    0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//5 21
    
    0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//6 22
    
    0x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//7 23
    
    0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,
    0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//8 24
    
    0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,//9 25
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//: 26
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//; 27
    
    0x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,
    0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00,//< 28
    
    0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,
    0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,//= 29
    
    0x00,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x01,0x00,//> 30
    
    0x00,0x70,0x48,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x36,0x01,0x00,0x00,//? 31
    
    0xC0,0x30,0xC8,0x28,0xE8,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
    0x07,0x18,0x27,0x24,0x23,0x14,0x0B,0x00,//@ 32
    
    0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x38,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x20,0x3C,0x23,0x02,0x02,0x27,0x38,0x20,//A 33
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//B 34
    
    0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,
    0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,//C 35
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//D 36
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x23,0x20,0x18,0x00,//E 37
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,//F 38
    
    0xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,
    0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x22,0x1E,0x02,0x00,//G 39
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,
    0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x21,0x3F,0x20,//H 40
    
    0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//I 41
    
    0x00,0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,
    0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//J 42
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x88,0xC0,0x28,0x18,0x08,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x01,0x26,0x38,0x20,0x00,//K 43
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x00,//L 44
    
    0x08,0xF8,0xF8,0x00,0xF8,0xF8,0x08,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,//M 45
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x3F,0x00,//N 46
    
    0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
    0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//O 47
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,//P 48
    
    0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,
    0x0F,0x18,0x24,0x24,0x38,0x50,0x4F,0x00,//Q 49
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x20,//R 50
    
    0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,
    0x00,0x38,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//S 51
    
    0x18,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x18,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//T 52
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,
    0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//U 53
    
    0x08,0x78,0x88,0x00,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,
    0x00,0x00,0x07,0x38,0x0E,0x01,0x00,0x00,//V 54
    
    0xF8,0x08,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x00,
    0x03,0x3C,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x3C,0x03,0x00,//W 55
    
    0x08,0x18,0x68,0x80,0x80,0x68,0x18,0x08,
    0x20,0x30,0x2C,0x03,0x03,0x2C,0x30,0x20,//X 56
    
    0x08,0x38,0xC8,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//Y 57
    
    0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,
    0x20,0x38,0x26,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x18,0x00,//Z 58
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,//[ 59
    
    0x00,0x0C,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x38,0xC0,0x00,//\ 60
    
    0x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//] 61
    
    0x00,0x00,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//^ 62
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,//_ 63
    
    0x00,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//` 64
    
    0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x19,0x24,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x3F,0x20,//a 65
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x3F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//b 66
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x00,//c 67
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x88,0xF8,0x00,
    0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//d 68
    
    0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x1F,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x13,0x00,//e 69
    
    0x00,0x80,0x80,0xF0,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x18,
    0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//f 70
    
    0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x00,0x6B,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x93,0x60,0x00,//g 71
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//h 72
    
    0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//i 73
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,//j 74
    
    0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x24,0x02,0x2D,0x30,0x20,0x00,//k 75
    
    0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//l 76
    
    0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,//m 77
    
    0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//n 78
    
    0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//o 79
    
    0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x80,0xFF,0xA1,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//p 80
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0xA0,0xFF,0x80,//q 81
    
    0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x20,0x00,0x01,0x00,//r 82
    
    0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x00,0x33,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x19,0x00,//s 83
    
    0x00,0x80,0x80,0xE0,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//t 84
    
    0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//u 85
    
    0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,
    0x00,0x01,0x0E,0x30,0x08,0x06,0x01,0x00,//v 86
    
    0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,
    0x0F,0x30,0x0C,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x0F,0x00,//w 87
    
    0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x00,0x20,0x31,0x2E,0x0E,0x31,0x20,0x00,//x 88
    
    0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,
    0x80,0x81,0x8E,0x70,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,//y 89
    
    0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,
    0x00,0x21,0x30,0x2C,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//z 90
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x7C,0x02,0x02,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,//{ 91
    
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,//| 92
    
    0x00,0x02,0x02,0x7C,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
    0x00,0x40,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//} 93
    
    0x00,0x06,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,
    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//~ 94
};

#endif

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"

int main(void)
{
    /*模块初始化*/
    OLED_Init();        //OLED初始化
    
    /*OLED显示*/
    OLED_ShowChar(1, 1, 'A');                //1行1列显示字符A
    
    OLED_ShowString(1, 3, "HelloWorld!");    //1行3列显示字符串HelloWorld!
    
    OLED_ShowNum(2, 1, 12345, 5);            //2行1列显示十进制数字12345，长度为5
    
    OLED_ShowSignedNum(2, 7, -66, 2);        //2行7列显示有符号十进制数字-66，长度为2
    
    OLED_ShowHexNum(3, 1, 0xAA55, 4);        //3行1列显示十六进制数字0xA5A5，长度为4
    
    OLED_ShowBinNum(4, 1, 0xAA55, 16);        //4行1列显示二进制数字0xA5A5，长度为16
                                            //C语言无法直接写出二进制数字，故需要用十六进制表示
    
    while (1)
    {
        
    }
}

测试

EXTI外部中断

中断系统

• 中断：在主程序运行过程中，出现了特定的中断触发条件（中断源），使得CPU暂停当前正在运行的程序，转而去处理中断程序，处理完成后又返回原来被暂停的位置继续运行。
• 中断优先级：当有多个中断源同时申请中断时，CPU会根据中断源的轻重缓急进行裁决，优先响应更加紧急的中断源。
• 中断嵌套：当一个中断程序正在运行时，又有新的更高优先级的中断源申请中断，CPU再次暂停当前中断程序，转而去处理新的中断程序，处理完成后依次进行返回。

中断执行流程

STM32中断

• 68个可屏蔽中断通道，包含EXTI、TIM、ADC、USART、SPI、I2C、RTC等多个外设；
• 使用NVIC统一管理中断，每个中断通道都拥有16个可编程的优先等级，可对优先级进行分组，进一步设置抢占优先级和响应优先级。
• 

NVIC基本结构

NVIC优先级分组

• NVIC的中断优先级由优先级寄存器的4位（0~15）决定，这4位可以进行切分，分为高n位的抢占优先级和低4-n位的响应优先级；
• 抢占优先级高的可以中断嵌套，响应优先级高的可以优先排队，抢占优先级和响应优先级均相同的按中断号排队。

EXTI简介

• EXTI（Extern Interrupt）外部中断
• EXTI可以监测指定GPIO口的电平信号，当其指定的GPIO口产生电平变化时，EXTI将立即向NVIC发出中断申请，经过NVIC裁决后即可中断CPU主程序，使CPU执行EXTI对应的中断程序；
• 支持的触发方式：上升沿/下降沿/双边沿/软件触发
• 支持的GPIO口：所有GPIO口，但相同的Pin不能同时触发中断
• 通道数：16个GPIO_Pin，外加PVD输出、RTC闹钟、USB唤醒、以太网唤醒
• 触发响应方式：中断响应/事件响应

AFIO复用IO口

• AFIO主要用于引脚复用功能的选择和重定义；
• 在STM32中，AFIO主要完成两个任务：复用功能引脚重映射、中断引脚选择。
• 

EXTI框图

对射式红外传感器计次

接线图

代码

CountSensor.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

uint16_t CountSensor_Count;                //全局变量，用于计数

/**
  * 函    数：计数传感器初始化
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：无
  */
void CountSensor_Init(void)
{
        /*GPIO初始化*/
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    /*开启时钟*/
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);        //开启GPIOB的时钟
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);        //开启AFIO的时钟，外部中断必须开启AFIO的时钟
    

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_14;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);                        //将PB14引脚初始化为上拉输入
    
    /*AFIO选择中断引脚*/
    GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource14);//将外部中断的14号线映射到GPIOB，即选择PB14为外部中断引脚
    
    /*EXTI初始化*/
    EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;                        //定义结构体变量
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line14;                    //选择配置外部中断的14号线
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;                    //指定外部中断线使能
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;            //指定外部中断线为中断模式
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;        //指定外部中断线为下降沿触发
    EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);                                //将结构体变量交给EXTI_Init，配置EXTI外设
    
    /*NVIC中断分组*/
    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);                //配置NVIC为分组2
                                                                //即抢占优先级范围：0~3，响应优先级范围：0~3
                                                                //此分组配置在整个工程中仅需调用一次
                                                                //若有多个中断，可以把此代码放在main函数内，while循环之前
                                                                //若调用多次配置分组的代码，则后执行的配置会覆盖先执行的配置
    
    /*NVIC配置*/
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;                        //定义结构体变量
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI15_10_IRQn;        //选择配置NVIC的EXTI15_10线
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;                //指定NVIC线路使能
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;    //指定NVIC线路的抢占优先级为1
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;            //指定NVIC线路的响应优先级为1
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);                                //将结构体变量交给NVIC_Init，配置NVIC外设
}

/**
  * 函    数：获取计数传感器的计数值
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：计数值，范围：0~65535
  */
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void)
{
    return CountSensor_Count;
}

/**
  * 函    数：EXTI15_10外部中断函数
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：无
  * 注意事项：此函数为中断函数，无需调用，中断触发后自动执行
  *           函数名为预留的指定名称，可以从启动文件复制
  *           请确保函数名正确，不能有任何差异，否则中断函数将不能进入
  */
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) == SET)        //判断是否是外部中断14号线触发的中断
    {
        /*如果出现数据乱跳的现象，可再次判断引脚电平，以避免抖动*/
        if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_14) == 0)
        {
            CountSensor_Count ++;                    //计数值自增一次
        }
        EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14);        //清除外部中断14号线的中断标志位
                                                    //中断标志位必须清除
                                                    //否则中断将连续不断地触发，导致主程序卡死
    }
}

CountSensor.h

#ifndef __COUNT_SENSOR_H
#define __COUNT_SENSOR_H

void CountSensor_Init(void);
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void);

#endif

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "CountSensor.h"

int main(void)
{
    /*模块初始化*/
    OLED_Init();            //OLED初始化
    CountSensor_Init();        //计数传感器初始化
    
    /*显示静态字符串*/
    OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "Count:");    //1行1列显示字符串Count:
    
    while (1)
    {
        OLED_ShowNum(1, 7, CountSensor_Get(), 5);        //OLED不断刷新显示CountSensor_Get的返回值
    }
}

测试（遮住挡光片的时候触发中断）

EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;        //指定外部中断线为下降沿触发

旋转编码器计次

旋转编码器简介

• 旋转编码器：用来测量位置、速度或旋转方向的装置，当其旋转轴旋转时，其输出端可以输出与旋转速度和方向对应的方波信号，读取方波信号的频率和相位信息即可得知旋转轴的速度和方向。
• 类型：机械触点式/霍尔传感器式/光栅式
• 

硬件电路

接线图

代码

Encoder.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header

int16_t Encoder_Count;                    //全局变量，用于计数旋转编码器的增量值

/**
  * 函    数：旋转编码器初始化
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：无
  */
void Encoder_Init(void)
{
        /*GPIO初始化*/
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    /*EXTI初始化*/
    EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStructure;                        //定义结构体变量
    /*开启时钟*/
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);        //开启GPIOB的时钟
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);        //开启AFIO的时钟，外部中断必须开启AFIO的时钟
    

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);                        //将PB0和PB1引脚初始化为上拉输入
    
    /*AFIO选择中断引脚*/
    GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource0);//将外部中断的0号线映射到GPIOB，即选择PB0为外部中断引脚
    GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB, GPIO_PinSource1);//将外部中断的1号线映射到GPIOB，即选择PB1为外部中断引脚
    
    
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Line = EXTI_Line0 | EXTI_Line1;        //选择配置外部中断的0号线和1号线
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_LineCmd = ENABLE;                    //指定外部中断线使能
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Mode = EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;            //指定外部中断线为中断模式
    EXTI_InitStructure.EXTI_Trigger = EXTI_Trigger_Falling;        //指定外部中断线为下降沿触发
    EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStructure);                                //将结构体变量交给EXTI_Init，配置EXTI外设
    
    /*NVIC中断分组*/
    NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);                //配置NVIC为分组2
                                                                //即抢占优先级范围：0~3，响应优先级范围：0~3
                                                                //此分组配置在整个工程中仅需调用一次
                                                                //若有多个中断，可以把此代码放在main函数内，while循环之前
                                                                //若调用多次配置分组的代码，则后执行的配置会覆盖先执行的配置
    
    /*NVIC配置*/
    NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;                        //定义结构体变量
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI0_IRQn;            //选择配置NVIC的EXTI0线
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;                //指定NVIC线路使能
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;    //指定NVIC线路的抢占优先级为1
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;            //指定NVIC线路的响应优先级为1
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);                                //将结构体变量交给NVIC_Init，配置NVIC外设

    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI1_IRQn;            //选择配置NVIC的EXTI1线
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;                //指定NVIC线路使能
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;    //指定NVIC线路的抢占优先级为1
    NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 2;            //指定NVIC线路的响应优先级为2
    NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);                                //将结构体变量交给NVIC_Init，配置NVIC外设
}

/**
  * 函    数：旋转编码器获取增量值
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：自上此调用此函数后，旋转编码器的增量值
  */
int16_t Encoder_Get(void)
{
    /*使用Temp变量作为中继，目的是返回Encoder_Count后将其清零*/
    /*在这里，也可以直接返回Encoder_Count
      但这样就不是获取增量值的操作方法了
      也可以实现功能，只是思路不一样*/
    int16_t Temp;
    Temp = Encoder_Count;
    Encoder_Count = 0;
    return Temp;
}

/**
  * 函    数：EXTI0外部中断函数
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：无
  * 注意事项：此函数为中断函数，无需调用，中断触发后自动执行
  *           函数名为预留的指定名称，可以从启动文件复制
  *           请确保函数名正确，不能有任何差异，否则中断函数将不能进入
  */
void EXTI0_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line0) == SET)        //判断是否是外部中断0号线触发的中断
    {
        /*如果出现数据乱跳的现象，可再次判断引脚电平，以避免抖动*/
        if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_0) == 0)
        {
            if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_1) == 0)        //PB0的下降沿触发中断，此时检测另一相PB1的电平，目的是判断旋转方向
            {
                Encoder_Count --;                    //此方向定义为反转，计数变量自减
            }
        }
        EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line0);            //清除外部中断0号线的中断标志位
                                                    //中断标志位必须清除
                                                    //否则中断将连续不断地触发，导致主程序卡死
    }
}

/**
  * 函    数：EXTI1外部中断函数
  * 参    数：无
  * 返 回 值：无
  * 注意事项：此函数为中断函数，无需调用，中断触发后自动执行
  *           函数名为预留的指定名称，可以从启动文件复制
  *           请确保函数名正确，不能有任何差异，否则中断函数将不能进入
  */
void EXTI1_IRQHandler(void)
{
    if (EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line1) == SET)        //判断是否是外部中断1号线触发的中断
    {
        /*如果出现数据乱跳的现象，可再次判断引脚电平，以避免抖动*/
        if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_1) == 0)
        {
            if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_0) == 0)        //PB1的下降沿触发中断，此时检测另一相PB0的电平，目的是判断旋转方向
            {
                Encoder_Count ++;                    //此方向定义为正转，计数变量自增
            }
        }
        EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line1);            //清除外部中断1号线的中断标志位
                                                    //中断标志位必须清除
                                                    //否则中断将连续不断地触发，导致主程序卡死
    }
}

Encoder.h

#ifndef __ENCODER_H
#define __ENCODER_H

void Encoder_Init(void);
int16_t Encoder_Get(void);

#endif

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device header
#include "Delay.h"
#include "OLED.h"
#include "Encoder.h"

int16_t Num;            //定义待被旋转编码器调节的变量

int main(void)
{
    /*模块初始化*/
    OLED_Init();        //OLED初始化
    Encoder_Init();        //旋转编码器初始化
    
    /*显示静态字符串*/
    OLED_ShowString(1, 1, "Num:");            //1行1列显示字符串Num:
    
    while (1)
    {
        Num += Encoder_Get();                //获取自上此调用此函数后，旋转编码器的增量值，并将增量值加到Num上
        OLED_ShowSignedNum(1, 5, Num, 5);    //显示Num
    }
}

测试（向左转编码器，数字减小）